International Conference On Know Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The International Conference On Know Management? Answer: Presentation The motivation behind this errand is to give a concise outline of the organization Dell Inc. which deals with their activities in the PC innovation industry. The organization fabricates both equipment and programming items and administrations in the market. Dell is an American worldwide organization which was started in the year 1984 by Michael Dell. The assignment talks about the center exercises and the targets of the organization and its situation in the market as for its rivals. More insights regarding the errand are examined beneath: Foundation of the organization Dell Inc. is situated in Texas and sells, fixes, makes and supports the PC, information stockpiling gadgets, programming, camera, printers and so on in the market. The organization is renowned for its inventive creation in the market and the flexibly change the executives alongside internet business exercises too. The organization additionally centers around the immediate deal model to start deals in the market. Dell works in a PC innovation industry where creation of PC equipment and programming exercises are executed. The PC business or data innovation industry includes in structuring the equipment and giving the IT administrations so that it acquires mechanical upgradation the market (Laudon, and Laudon 2015). Further, the center business action of the organization is the assembling and selling of its PCs in the market. The customer arrangement unit of the organization accounts two-third of its income which depends on the offer of PC. The customer arrangement incorporates journals, PC, tablets, dainty customer items, and administrations. Prior, Dell was a work area PC organization, and the work area PC itself created income for the organization. In this manner it will be noticed that the center business exercises of the organization is delivering PCs and offer types of assistance identified with it (Dell 2018). Another movement started by the organization is endeavor arrangement. This action incorporates organizing, capacity, servers and so forth related administrations in the market. Further, these exercises contribute 27 percent of the complete deals of the organization. The organization works with an expanded system of representatives working with them from all pieces of the world. In e xcess of 101,800 individuals work with the organization. Dell means to utilize individuals with extraordinary imaginative thoughts and individuals who can coordinate to the developments identified with the organization. The individuals methodology of the organization is intended to pull in universes most prominent ability and convey advancement execution in the outside market also (Dell EMC 2018). Point and key destinations The point and target which Dell holds in their business procedure are that the organization continually intends to give mechanical acknowledgment to individuals all around the globe. The organization means to guarantee that the multi-included items which they give are accessible in the market for all the individuals with the goal that they can likewise receive new and productive innovation in their consistent schedule exercises (Dell EMC 2018). Further, the organization likewise plans to make items in the market with the ideal utilization of all the accessible assets and other full scale and miniaturized scale situations too. Likewise, the association intends to convey fundamentally and practically suitable PCs for the outwardly debilitated individuals all around. The code of morals of Dell teaches social, ecological, monetary and corporate duty in all the exercises to give more noteworthy degree of fulfillment to the clients and the general public on an entirety. Because of achievab le and pragmatic points and destinations, the organization can actualize them in real life intend to convey fulfillment in the market (Zimmermann, et. al., 2015). Rivalry Significant contenders of Dell in the market are Lenovo and Hewlett-Packard Company as both the organization offers comparable types of assistance in the market. Further organization likewise rivals Apple and IBM Corporation in the product and business equipment area. Discussing the qualities of Hewlett-Packard Company it will be noticed that the organization has its greatest nearness in all pieces of the world and mostly in China where innovation is utilized in all segments. Much the same as Dell, HP has additionally made brand notoriety in the market by serving quality items. Likewise, the organization holds broadened portfolio which gives a simplicity to the clients to pick between various items and buys the most appropriate item for them. Further, the shortcoming of the organization is helpless competency in acquisitions and less pay procured from the offer of individual framework divisions (Xu 2014). Further discussing qualities and shortcoming of Lenovo, it will be noticed that Lenovo acquires the greatest income in the market by giving ease items to the clients in the market. Further, the workforce of Lenovo has sufficient collaboration of information and enhanced individuals following up on the administration. The shortcoming which Lenovo faces is the helpless brand recognition in the created economies and low separation in the market also (Uhl, and Gollenia 2016). Aside from these associations there are numerous different associations gradually attempting to pick up the pace in the data innovation advertise. In this way, summarizing the examination it will be inferred that there is substantial rivalry in the market which is advanced by numerous relationship as it lessens the expense for clients and gives them better degree of fulfillment too (Sedera, et. al., 2016). Situating of Dell Dell is viewed as one of the biggest PC selling firms in the market. The organization is recognized in the market because of its immediate selling process started through its promoting methodology. Likewise, Dell is known for building proficient PCs around the world. Along these lines, it will be noticed that the organization is situating in the market at a spot where the clients buy the results of the organization just by seeing its image picture. Individuals don't concentrate on particulars, yet the name of Dell is sufficient to sell the item in the earth. The organization has become a market head in the data innovation condition (Linda, et. al., 2015). Further Dell earned this situation in the market because of the upper hand which they started in their business exercises. Direct showcasing strategy helped the firm to notoriety in the market and shows their business capacities to the entire world. Aside from that, the organization centers around giving best answers for the individuals in the market, not simply give the best innovation to individuals. The organization plans to give helpful innovation to individuals which can expand their fulfillment level in the market. It will be noticed that a situation in the market based on audits given by the clients present in the market (Teece, and Linden 2017). Along these lines, the clients of Dell are happy with their administrations, in this manner, the organization has earned the situation of market pioneer. In the general market of data innovation, Dell is set in the third situation after HP and Lenovo and its piece of the pie is 15.7 percent (Statista 2018). Quality: As examined over, the organization has earned sufficient offer in the complete data innovation showcase which makes the organization equipped to start its activities in the market. $7.5 billion is the brand estimation of the organization. Item customization gives more noteworthy degree of fulfillment as they can deliver item as per their necessities. In conclusion, direct selling model causes the organization to build the fulfillment of client and calculated flexibly advance the organization in worldwide market (Dell EMC 2018). Shortcoming: PC equipment is shortcoming of the organization as these items are not effective when contrasted with items served by the contenders. Low interest in innovative work pulls the development of the organization the retrogressive way. Being available in a data innovation it is significant for association keeps themselves skilled in the branch of improvement (Valacich, and Schneider 2015). Openings: The organization has an extent of development of their administrations and venture arrangements. Development in different parts overall is the greatest open door for the organization which can likewise assist them with increasing their piece of the pie too. It will be noticed that the Tablet market of Dell is on moderate development, so the organization will enhance the item and afterward serve them in the market in order to build deals (Dell Technologies 2018). Dangers: There is expanding interest for cell phones and tablets in the market which can hamper the development of the organization in the worldwide market. Job of computerized innovation in Dell Computerized change is the most significant exercises which all associations expect to start. Moreover being set in an innovative business, it is significant for associations to utilize the computerized change exercises to prevail in the market. Computerized change encourages an association to make items which are able and effective in the market. Dell utilizes the computerized change rehearses on standard premise advance their items and administrations in the market. The organization utilizes a progressing approach of changing their IT area to quicken advancement in the outer condition too. Further organization expects to engage the individuals to work together with various gifted individuals and increment effectiveness too. In conclusion, Dell expects to remain made sure about in order to shield the organization from digital assaults also. Accordingly, along these lines computerized innovation is significant for various associations to introduce in the business like (Dell Technologies 2018). Suggestions Best practices which Dell Technologies actualized as per computerized change are talked about beneath: The organization sufficiently comprehends the criticalness to become computerized pioneer driven by individuals. The individuals associated with the exercises of the organization request a made sure about association, personali

Function of the SAT - PrepScholar 2016 Students Encyclopedia

Capacity of the SAT - PrepScholar 2016 Students' Encyclopedia SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Numerous 4-year U.S. schools and colleges require SAT or ACT scores fromtheir planned understudies. Confirmations officials, especially those choosing for scholastic capacity, think about the SAT as an estimation of scholarly capacity and potential. The SAT is intended to be a thinking test that assesses understudies' critical thinking and expository aptitudes, as opposed to their particular substance information. Note: this article is an arrangement in the PrepScholar2016 Students' Encyclopedia, a free understudies' and guardians' SAT/ACT control that gives all encompassing information. Peruse all the articles here! SAT scores are not the sole basis for affirmation, nor are they the main proportion of scholarly capacity inside an understudy's school application. Scores are considered related to secondary school grade point normal (GPA), course choice, and other indicatorsof accomplishment. Numerous affirmations officials accentuate that they take an all encompassing perspective on every candidate, considering the entire individual as prove by his/her evaluations, extracurricular association, proposals, and individual article, among other exhibited interests, achievements, and objectives. While most universities don't broadcast explicit SAT score essentials, many offer information on the normal scores of their acknowledged understudies. On the off chance that this information shows a scope of scores from the 25th to the 75th percentile, at that point the higher finish of the range might be increasingly illustrative of the school's SAT score desires for most of ordinary candidates. The lower end of this sort of range may mirror the scores of exceptional intrigue candidates who can pick up affirmation with lower SAT scores, similar to understudies who are selected for sports. While numerous affirmations officials guarantee they adopt an all encompassing strategy, some won't survey applications that don't contain a certain minimumSAT score. On the other hand, high SAT scores are seldom an assurance of confirmation, particularly not at specific organizations like those in the Ivy League. Studentsthat entered Harvard's class of 2017, for instance, had a normal SAT score of 2237. By and large, scored 173 focuses lower on the SAT than their non-enlisted schoolmates. Notwithstanding sharing information on normal SAT scores of approaching understudies, most universities share their arrangements on SAT scores. A few schools superscore the SAT, or take understudies' most noteworthy segment scores over all testing dates and recombine them into an augmented composite score. Famous schools that have an arrangement of superscoring the SAT incorporate Boston University, Columbia, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, MIT, Princeton, and the University of Connecticut. Different universities take a gander at an understudy's most elevated sitting on one date he/she took the SAT. Schools that consider understudies' most elevated sitting incorporate Arizona State University, Colorado State University, Oregon State University, and University of Wisconsin. By inquiring about their imminent schools' position on SAT scores, understudies may modify their readiness and test-taking plans in like manner. An expanding number of schools have received test adaptable and test discretionary approaches. These may permit understudies to send SAT Subject tests or AP tests in lieu of the general SATor to pick whether to send their SAT scores. NYU, for example,allows understudies to send three SAT Subject Tests or three AP tests in lieu of the SAT, among different alternatives. While understudies might have the option to choose whether their scores are a precise portrayal of their scholarly capacity when applying to test discretionary schools, the individuals who preclude their scores might be at an experimental drawback when contrasted with theirpeers who picked with incorporate their scores. HampshireCollege is the main school hitherto that has embraced a test dazzle arrangement, expressing, We won't think about SAT/ACT scores paying little mind to the score. Regardless of whether it's an ideal score, it won't weigh into our appraisal of a candidate. While universities adopt differed strategies to their thought of SAT scores, College Board expresses that the SAT is intended to give national point of view to nearby information from schools on understudies' accomplishment and capacity. As a state administered test, College Board keeps up that the SAT estimates scholarly capacity free from contrasts among understudies' instructive encounters by school region, including variationsin educational programs, school financing, and course meticulousness. Pundits of the SAT drawon information that shows a relationship between's higher SAT scores and more significant levels of family pay and parental instruction. Instead of testing understudies on a level playing field, SAT pundits guarantee that the SAT adds to existing examples of social and instructive disparity. The progressions made to the upgraded SAT, which will be managed beginning in March of 2016, may have been mostly inspired to deliver these criticismsand to make the SAT increasingly available to understudies across salary levels. The end of significant level jargon words for medium-extend, various importance words, for example, might be one change expected to make the test all the more reasonable and to improve its legitimacy and prescient force. School Board likewise as of late started a joint effort with Khan Academy to offer free recordings, exercises, and test inquiries for understudies to plan for the new SAT. Notwithstanding tending to the worries of pundits, College Board may have been persuaded to refresh the SAT so as to stay serious with its partner, the ACT. Truly, most of American understudies who lived on the East and West drifts took the SAT while understudies in Midwestern states took the ACT. In 20, the quantity of understudies who took the ACT across the country outperformed the number that took the SAT just because. The overhauled SAT will all the more intently look like the ACT in a few different ways, especially in the configuration of its jargon questions and its recently discretionary article. Peruse more from the SAT Encyclopedia! Further Reading Which Colleges Superscore the SAT? Universities Requiring All SAT Scores Sent: Complete List How Might You Build the Most Versatile College Application?

Drawing on the literature, critically discuss the positive and Essay

Drawing on the writing, basically examine the positive and negative factors that may straightforwardly or by implication impact administrations laborers work execution - Essay Example This is on the grounds that; the potential purchasers define their own observations in regards to the association and its administration quality on grounds of its staff proficiency and administration execution (Brown, et al., 2002). This exploration paper expects to fundamentally break down the positive and negative effects of administration worker’s work execution. It is profoundly reasonable to lead this basic investigation since it expects to evaluate the variables that may both straightforwardly and in a roundabout way impact the nature of working inside an assistance giving association. In this period of â€Å"consumerism†, the organizations expect to augment utility of its potential purchasers and henceforth their business income. In any case, it ought to be noticed that clients fulfillment got from the items or administrations of an association significantly relies upon the nature of administrations gave by the workers of the organization. Along these lines, from the investigation and ramifications of this exposition, administrative specialists of various organizations can destroy the potential issues looked by them in human asset the executives and thus improve the nature of their working in since quite a while ago run (Brown, et al., 2002). Business analysts treat work asset of an association as a sort of capital. This is on the grounds that a specialist procures cash with the assistance of obtained instruction, work understanding and information. Initially human capital was seen to be a microeconomic idea however after some time its suggestions are additionally connected up with the field of macroeconomics. Lucas presented the â€Å"New Growth Theory† of financial aspects and guaranteed that human capital efficiency and monetary development is straightforwardly relative to one another (Brown, et al., 2002). An ascent in the proficiency level of human capital assists with enlarging monetary excess acquired by the benefit making firms inside a nation lastly prompts development of its national household profitability level. Analysts have expressed that nature of tutoring, instructive degree of guardians, previously and hands on preparing fundamentally impacts the

International Marketing Plan (Essay) - 2200 Words

International Marketing Plan (Essay Sample) Content: International Marketing PlanName:Institution: Tim Tam, a brand of chocolate biscuit, is a food company, known as Arnott, from Australia, and is available in many countries in the world.Product description The biscuit has two layers of chocolate malted on cookies, and they are separated by a light filling of chocolate cream, as well as, being coated in a thin layer of chocolate. The product was first introduced in the international market in 1964, and the name was suggested by Ross Arnott. It came from a horse that won, and the name was decided to be the best for the new line of the biscuits. There are various brands of the product and the most common three flavors include Chewy Caramel, Original and Classic Dark. However, the varieties are dependent on the nature of the region they are being marketed. For instance, the most common products in the US are Choco Cappuccino and Choco Chocolate, which are also marketed for the South East Market. In order to increase sales for the product, Arnott Company has decided to shift its market to Saudi Arabia, which is a potential market for the product. This can be attributed to the features the potential market has in order to attract sales for the company (Doole Lowe, 2008).Company background The Company can trace its inception long back in Australia more than 100 years ago. It is considered as the icon of Australia in the food industry. It has been regarded as not only the parent food company for all other food companies, but also a piece of the history of Australia. Campbell Soup Company is behind the support that has enabled the growth of Arnotts because of its investment in the food company as well as its brands. The company has more than 2500 employees across all territories and states whose main region of employment is the Asia Pacfic. This growth has been enabled by the investment the company has made on the cost of materials. Over the past decade, the company has spent over $3 billion in purchasin g raw materials and getting services from local businesses and farmers. Some of these raw materials include flour and grains from areas such as Riverina, Liverpool Plains and South Australia. This is one reason why the company has experienced success since it does not limit its sources of raw materials. Its involvement with the local farmers and businesses has helped in creating market for the company. It has exported in countries including Canada, USA, Tahiti, United Kingdom, and Indonesia. Currently, the company targets Saudi Arabia as the new market for its sales (Muhlbacher, Dahringer Leihs, 2006).Mission StatementThrough the Arnotts foundation, the company aims at creating a positive environment in order to allow families to form, maintain, as well as enjoy a good quality of their lives. From the statement, the foundation has been inspired to carry out several projects which include the Fairy Sparkle Garden Project, which has built a garden for children and Food bank Australia which will help welfare agencies to provide food to needy people. So far, the company has been able to donate more than 200,000 kilograms since 2008 in Australia.SWOT analysis The company has its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, as well as threats as discussed below.Strengths wide product line The company enjoys a broad product line from different countries and markets. Apart from biscuits, the company also has other products that are a favourite of people who do not eat biscuits. For this reason, the company has maintained a broad market and competition has been low. The company has held strong customer loyalty in most countries where it has established its roots in the country. In addition, whenever there is a low production of one product, another product can be used as a substitute to help the company maintain its sales high until the other product is back to its normal marketing patterns.Strong global presence Arnotts Australia has a strong global presence in the countri es that it has already established its market. In this context, most of the countries which the company has introduced its market are economically stable, and its sales are not disrupted by economic and political issues. Therefore, it is normal that the company extends its markets in the countries and invests more. This creates more markets in these countries and the reputation of the company increases every time. In addition, the company is ready to adapt to the policies of the countries it establishes its markets, and for this reason, it gains more market and respect. Its participation in social responsibilities increases its markets in all areas where it is known for its products. Its investment in new countries has always been welcomed by the countries because of the worldwide presence it has created (Baumann, 2010). Therefore, this counts as a strength since there is ease in its way of operation as a company.WeaknessesHigh costs Because of its diversified marketing and producti on, the company incurs extremely high costs that require intensive sales for it to break even and create profits for the company. For the company to establish markets in other countries, costs of establishments are high such that the company has to increase its marketing in other countries (Stauble, 2000). The legal requirements of a country may be very expensive during the start, and the company may destabilize if it does not have adequate marketing strategies. Production of the company may tend to be expensive for the company is in the food industries. The farmers have to meet their expensive needs for the produce, which are shifted to the company. In addition, the company faces higher costs of storage of the food products before they are manufactured to be the final products. However, despite the high costs, the company has to monitor the products prices, since too high prices will make the customers shift to the competitors.Opportunities 75% of population under 35 years old The target market for most of the products of the company is people under the age of 35 years. In the target market, Saudi Arabia, a three quarter of the total population is people under 35 years old, and hence, this constitutes the market of the company (Bennett Blythe, 2002). In the current situation, the highest population in the market is about people below the age of 35 years, and this helps in making them find the biscuits good for themHigh demand on biscuit There has been a high demand on the biscuit because of the nature of its preparation. The biscuit has two layers of chocolate malted on cookies, and they are separated by a light filling of chocolate cream, as well as, being coated in a thin layer of chocolate. This makes it favorable for the young population to like it because of the ingredients used in making the biscuits.ThreatsToo many competitors The presence of the competitors in the food industry has been a big threat to the company. They have controlled the prices of the food products for the company, and this makes it difficult for the company to control the prices beyond what the competitors define. In addition, the company spends a lot in marketing and product promotion of the products, since it has to beat its competitors. Intensive research has to be done on the market so that the company understands more about the market and gets opportunities for any market gap in the market.Prices Since the competitors control the prices, it has been quite hard for the company to have a say. At times, the costs of production are too high for the company to bear and this may prompt it to increase the costs, though it is not possible or else it loses its market.PESTEL AnalysisPolitical analysisMonarchy. Saudi Arabia is a country that is ruled by a monarchy, which is headed by a king. Therefore, the company must ensure that its business is in line with the policies of a monarchy, and understands all the regulations that regulate a business in a monarchy.B usiness-attractive government laws. Saudi Arabia has been providing a comfortable environment for establishment of businesses in the monarchy. It has been known for thriving of businesses in the past, and hence, having a food company in Saudi Arabia is a better option to make sure that there are sales for the biscuits in the country.The King rules through a Council of Ministers. The King has been given the power to govern the country through a council of ministers. The ministers represent various sectors of the economy and they act as advisors of the king in every matter pertaining the country.Saudi Arabia is divided into thirteen provinces. These provinces are all over the country and have administrators who are answerable to the king.The provincial boards have been given the authorityEconomic AnalysisSince oil was unearthed in 1938, Saudi Arabia has enlarged to be among the wealthiest countries. Therefore, there is ready market for the food products such as biscuits that are not b asic products. Companies that are formed in the country quickly raise and establish their markets easily.The country earns over 5% of the whole production of petrochemicals in the world.Capitalist Economy. Being a capitalist economy, Saudi Arabia encourages investment of individuals and corporates in the country. This means that Arnotts Australia should find it comfortable establishing a company in this country since its economic system is capitalistic. GDP represents $622 Billion and Growth has a percentage of 3.7%. This percentage of growth of the country is reasonable enough in a way that it encourages investment from other companies including foreign ones. Foreign investment is encouraged so that more foreign income is exchanged and growth is experienced in the economy.More than 40% of the entire G...

Napoleonic Era Essay - 1217 Words

Ideas, much like nature, survive the trials of time and overcome the obstacles of challenge to prevail stronger and more resolute; such is the case with warfare as it came about in the Napoleonic era, as it precepts have flourished and pervaded into current doctrine and practice. Warfare in the Napoleonic era is fundamentally similar to warfare as it is conducted at present, as the ideas of a national army, combined arms corps-centered organizational structure, and maneuver warfare prevail in today’s era. The Napoleonic Era saw the rise of the national army, comprised of citizens of France who had personal interest in the welfare of the nation instead of soldiers who were unemotionally attached and lacked loyalty to the cause. Prior†¦show more content†¦The officer corps, once dominated by aristocrats, became more professional as merit replaced status as qualification for promotion. Officer education also became a more established institution, and Prussia even created a war college to train staff officers. Today, the U.S. Army maintains a professional officer corps in which education is paramount to promotion and many resources are allocated to training centers such as the service academies, the War College, and numerous other Department of Defense mandated courses. During the Napoleonic era, the French restructured the Revolutionary Army into the model which is currently used by a multitude of nations and militaries today, including the U.S. Army. After the Revolution, the French pioneered the use of the combat division, which combined infantry, cavalry, and artillery assets along with a few additional support units. Napoleon himself noted that â€Å"infantry, cavalry and artillery cannot do without one another.† Evidence of the combined arms concept is seen in U.S. Army doctrine and organization today and has been used in numerous conflicts and wars as recent as Vietnam, the Gulf War, and the Global War on Terrorism. Napoleon also organized the various divisions, brigades, and battalions into corps which could operate independently and sustain engagements for short periods. Such corps were theShow MoreRelatedThe Napoleonic Era Has Remain Fundamentally Relevant Today987 Words   |  4 PagesNapoleonic era provided operational pract ices that remain fundamentally relevant today. â€Æ' The Napoleonic Era is an example of Revolution of Military Affairs (RMA) and is fundamentally relevant today. During the Napoleonic Era many scholars studied the techniques used during his nearly twenty years of military success two of the more famous scholars is Clausewitz and Jomini. 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The Congress of Vienna played an important role of creating peace in the European continent after the Napoleonic War, with two significant foreign ministers of two nations, Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria and Prince Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand of France. Most of the decisions in the Congress of Vienna were made by the â€Å"great-powers,† which includedRead MoreHow Was Political Grandeur And Dignity Articulated Through Early 19th Century Architecture?1286 Words   |  6 Pagesof present day Paris. Neoclassical architecture with an emphasis on civil monuments was a method of articulating political grandeur during Napoleon Bonaparte’s rule as emperor of France from 1804 to 1815. Due to the instabilities caused by the Napoleonic Wars a new style of architecture did not develop during Napoleons rule, resulting in the continuation of pre-French Revolution classicism. With the intention of articulating imperialistic grandeur and referencing France as the â€Å"new Roman Empire†

Children Should Be Too Great For Their Parents - 886 Words

†¢ In most cases, the child has to change the geographical settings, schools, friends, teachers and fellow students. †¢ They are unable to deal with the emotional trauma that is brought about by the divorce, and they do not know whom to turn to because of the divorce, which makes them angry, depressed, and at times develop an aggressive nature (Brown, 2010). Research shows that children suffer emotional trauma in the event that there parents’ divorce. According to Steven Earll who is a licensed counselor and therapist, he states that; â€Å"Children (and adult children) have the attitude that their parents should be able to work through and solve any issue. Parents, who have given the children life, are perceived by the children as very competent†¦show more content†¦Journal of Marriage Family, 380-86. Brown, S. (2010). Marriage and Child Well-Being: Research and Policy Perspectives. . Journal of Marriage and Family, 1059-1077. Carrier, H., Utz, R. (2012). Parental Divorce Among Young and Adult Children: A Long-Term Quantitative Analysis of Mental Health and Family Solidarity. Journal of Divorce Remarriage. D’Onofrio BM, T. E. (2007). Children of Twins Study of parental divorce and offspring psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry. Ehrenberg, B. P. (2008). â€Å"The Influence of Parental Separations and Divorce on Father-Child Relationships. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage. Johnson, V. I. (2011). Adult Children of Divorce and Relationship Education:Implications for Counselors and Counselor Educators. Family Journal, 22-29. Kalmijn, M. (2010). Racial differences in the effects of parental divorce and separation on children: Generalizing the evidence to a European case. Social Science Research, 834-856. Klass, J. V., Peros, J. (2014). Custody Criteria: Age-Dependent Priorities. American Journal of Family Law. Moon, M. (2011). The Effects of Divorce on Children: Married and Divorced Parents Perspectives. Journal Of Divorce Remarriage, 344-349. Wijckmans, B. . (2013). Divorce and Adult Children s Perceptions of Family Obligations. Journal Of Comparative Family Studies, 291-310. APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. Does the divorce of

Sociology Infliction or Imposition of a Penalty

Questions: 1. Should serious female offenders be allowed to maintain regular contact with their children, or should separation be considered part of their punishment? 2. Do mothers lose their parenting rights when they have committed a crime? Under what circumstances? Include a discussion according to Macionis and Gerber (2011) the attachment theory of sociologist Travis Hirschi. Do your support the penal system? 3. Co-correctional institutions have been widely proposed as a partial solution to the special problems which women face in the penal system. Do you support such institutions, or should prisoners continue to be generally segregated by gender? 4. In the past, biological and psychological explanations of criminality were more popular than sociological ones. Why do you think this is? Has it changed?5. Please look at the Programs available for Corrections Services Canada through the following link. https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/prgrms-eng.shtml . Specifically looking at Womens Offenders P rograms, what is available for incarcerated mothers to help foster relationships with their children? (Identify at least 3 programs and explained them. Answers: 1. The English dictionary defines punishment as infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offence (Lessing, 2013). Individuals who have committed certain crime are legally in custody as a punishment for their crime or while they are awaiting trial. This act can be called as rehabilitation or the action of reinstating an individual to regular life trough therapy and training after the imprisonment or addiction. However, in Canada the female offenders committing serious crimes are known to be sent to the punishment, but now the country has opted for the later rehabilitation part. Detention of convicts and specifically female offenders without the ability to have access to their loved ones, in this case children, presents two major challenges namely: one, it creates a void or a space that consciously reminds the convicts that they are no longer in their areas of comfort they are used to, hence reinforcing the punishment to a level where the convicts or the offenders makes a decision not to commit crime again (Warner, 2015). If the convicts are provided an environment where they are unable to meet their children, works as a motivation for them to behave in a proper way with the desire to reunite with the children and other family members as soon as possible. This specific scenario enhances the rehabilitation of the convicts immensely. On the flip side, if the children are allowed to interact with the incarcerated mothers, being primary caregivers to them, the mothers may confer their wrong behavior to the children or the children could acquire, inherit and/or enhance any acquired bad behavior from the mothers and/or the prison environment (Fuentes, 2014). However, the innocent children have been entirely deprived of their parental care, if they stay without interacting with their parents for extended period. Psychologists have noticed that these children tend to be traumatized in their later life as not interacting with their parents in the early life can be equal to a punishment for them as well. In addition to being deprived of their motherly love, the children are put into the custody of their relatives as their primary caregiver in place of their parents. Secondly, if children are allowed to interact with their mothers in the prison, it is possible for the mothers to migrate certain wrongly acquired behavior into them in the early age. As stated by the attachment theory of sociologist Travis Hirschi, it is correctly stated that strong social attachments encourage conformity while weak ones leave people freer to engage in deviance (Warner, 2015). Mothers play a very important and vital role in the character development of their children. They feel utterly responsible for the behavioral character of the child and therefore are less likely prone to reoffending if they are well socialized in their setting. Serious female offenders should thus be permitted or allowed to have regular contact with their children in order to enhance bonding among them. 2. When mothers commit a crime, they do not necessarily lose their rights to parent (Carlen, 2013). However, in circumstances where the behaviours of such mothers are bound to have a negative impact on the effective upbringing of their children, then ultimately, such parents lose their rights to parenting (Benning Lahm, 2016). Taking away parental rights from anyone is a serious step and this decision can only be taken by the judge if it is in the best interest of the children. In Canada, there are several grounds of involuntary termination of parental rights, such as, severe neglect or chronic abuse to the child, failure of maintaining contact with children for a long time or failing to support the child. However, a parent can lose his/her parental rights after being convicted of some crime. If the parent has committed a crime with violence against the child or any other family member, the court can opt to terminate his/her parental rights. Also if the parent needs to be imprisoned for a long length of time with will eventually take the child to the foster care for not having any other alternative options, the parent can lose his/her parental rights. In all such cases the interest of child is always put at the first. According to Evans Cubellis (2015), throughout the legal procedures, the legal system se eks to protect the children especially the young children who are unable to evaluate the circumstances therefore the decision is always taken to the best interest of the children. The social theory of Travis Hirschi comments on this situation where it sees the crime as the consequence of social institutions losing its control over the individuals (Pratt et al., 2014). It also states that breakdown of social institution such as weak families enhance the breakdown of trust in the police and government, thus enhance the chances of crime rates. It also states that the potential to the criminal activity rises if the individual attachment to the family is loosened. Thus this theory does not support the loosing of parental control. 3. The world is more inclined towards masculinity or the male gender than feminist or the female gender. This is attributed to the fact that the two genders needs or requirements are quite different from each other. This has an impact or effect on the type of crimes each of the two genders commit. Whereas male offenders are usually motivated with violent crimes that propel them to positions of power such as homicide, women offenders on their side are obsessed with less violent crimes such as assault and even fraud, etc. For this reason, it could be extremely difficult to classify crimes as equal among inmates (Brezina Agnew, 2015). Co-correlation facilities separate women and men inmates. Though some of them allow some significant interaction between the two genders, some have completely secluded incarceration facilities for the different gender. Earlier on in the US, there were coed institutions that were comprised of both inmate genders. These were however later separated in the 19th century. It only emerged several years later to serve as a method or mechanism to cost effectively serve prisoners (O'Brien, 2014). This mode of inmate coexistence is however not taken as an ideal or conducive environment for the inmates. Women are however the lesser number when it comes to the number or population in prison. With the special needs such women require, they have been accorded lesser access to prison resources and facilities as opposed to their male counterparts (Motz, 2016). There is need to identify and/or recognize the special and unique needs of women inmates in these incarcerations or prison facilities such as provision of homely environments for the women inmates to raise their children as practised in Australia or provide lodging facilities as suggested in Canada (Evans Cubellis, 2015). 4. There lacks a detailed research as criminality pertains to the two fields, biology and psychology. Whereas in psychology, criminality encompasses or includes more of the physical features, it is more associated with personality traits and inherited genes in biology (LeBel et al., 2016). There is much that needs to be done to properly link criminality to the three major fields of psychology, biology and sociology. The biological explanation to the criminality entirely focused on the genetic predisposition and the psychological explanation focused on the individual abnormality. These theories aimed to the physical or biological issues of the children, whereas the sociological explanation of deviance indicates that the deviance of the social norms is mostly influenced by the association of people in his or surroundings. The primary reason is that individuals receive a mixed message from different groups and ends up following the favorable one. This sociological explanation provides a clear account to the criminality which is not caused by any biological or psychological issue rather caused by the sociological deviance of the individual (Pratt et al., 2014). This norm has changed the previous explanation of criminality and provided a new theory to the criminality. 5. The Circles of Change Program This program was implemented in 2001-2008 in order to deal with the needs of the Aboriginal female offenders. This program promoted healing with the help of traditional medicine and teaching. It aimed to help the inmates have a clear understanding of the aboriginal history in Canada, social injustice and their impact on their personal lives, and the circumstances in the early life that can lead to criminal behaviour. Creating Choices This is a report published in 1990, which have defined the newly adopted correctional philosophy for the women inmates. This report included several principles on women empowerment, responsible choices and many more. The Parenting Skills Training Program The program has sixteen sessions, each of two hours and aimed mostly at the female inmates who want more effective involvement with their children. The program was designed to deal with several cognitive problems of the offenders and helped them to deal with understanding the job of a parent in the family and the responsibility comes with being a parent and the consequences. Reference List Benning, C. L., Lahm, K. F. (2016). Effects of ParentChild Relationships on Inmate Behavior: A Comparison of Male and Female Inmates.International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology,60(2), 189-207. Carlen, P. (Ed.). (2013).Women and punishment. Willan. Correctional Process. (2017). Csc-scc.gc.ca. Retrieved 11 February 2017, from https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/prgrms-eng.shtml Evans, D. N., Cubellis, M. A. (2015). Coping with stigma: How registered sex offenders manage their public identities. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 40(3), 593-619. Fuentes, C. M. (2014). Nobody's child: the role of trauma and interpersonal violence in women's pathways to incarceration and resultant service needs.Medical anthropology quarterly,28(1), 85-104. Heidemann, G., Cederbaum, J. A., Martinez, S., LeBel, T. P. (2016). Wounded healers: How formerly incarcerated women help themselves by helping others. Punishment Society, 18(1), 3-26. Lessing, F. D. (2013). Mongolian-English Dictionary. Routledge. Motz, A. (2016). The psychology of female violence: Crimes against the body. Routledge. O'Brien, P. (2014). The promise of punishment: Prisons in nineteenth-century France. Princeton University Press. Pratt, T. C., Turanovic, J. J., Fox, K. A., Wright, K. A. (2014). Self?control and victimization: A meta?analysis.Criminology,52(1), 87-116. Warner, J., 2015. Infants in Orange: An International Model-Based Approach to Prison Nurseries. Hastings Women's LJ, 26, p.65.