Napoleonic Era Essay - 1217 Words

Ideas, much like nature, survive the trials of time and overcome the obstacles of challenge to prevail stronger and more resolute; such is the case with warfare as it came about in the Napoleonic era, as it precepts have flourished and pervaded into current doctrine and practice. Warfare in the Napoleonic era is fundamentally similar to warfare as it is conducted at present, as the ideas of a national army, combined arms corps-centered organizational structure, and maneuver warfare prevail in today’s era. The Napoleonic Era saw the rise of the national army, comprised of citizens of France who had personal interest in the welfare of the nation instead of soldiers who were unemotionally attached and lacked loyalty to the cause. Prior†¦show more content†¦The officer corps, once dominated by aristocrats, became more professional as merit replaced status as qualification for promotion. Officer education also became a more established institution, and Prussia even created a war college to train staff officers. Today, the U.S. Army maintains a professional officer corps in which education is paramount to promotion and many resources are allocated to training centers such as the service academies, the War College, and numerous other Department of Defense mandated courses. During the Napoleonic era, the French restructured the Revolutionary Army into the model which is currently used by a multitude of nations and militaries today, including the U.S. Army. After the Revolution, the French pioneered the use of the combat division, which combined infantry, cavalry, and artillery assets along with a few additional support units. Napoleon himself noted that â€Å"infantry, cavalry and artillery cannot do without one another.† Evidence of the combined arms concept is seen in U.S. Army doctrine and organization today and has been used in numerous conflicts and wars as recent as Vietnam, the Gulf War, and the Global War on Terrorism. Napoleon also organized the various divisions, brigades, and battalions into corps which could operate independently and sustain engagements for short periods. Such corps were theShow MoreRelatedThe Napoleonic Era Has Remain Fundamentally Relevant Today987 Words   |  4 PagesNapoleonic era provided operational pract ices that remain fundamentally relevant today. â€Æ' The Napoleonic Era is an example of Revolution of Military Affairs (RMA) and is fundamentally relevant today. During the Napoleonic Era many scholars studied the techniques used during his nearly twenty years of military success two of the more famous scholars is Clausewitz and Jomini. Both scholars were on Napoleons staff and learned a lot from failure as well as success. During my paper I will discussRead MoreFrench Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet1775 Words   |  8 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet 1. Essay Explain, in 1,050 to 1,400 words, how the following ideas and ideals influenced the events and motivated the participants in the French Revolution: Liberty Equality Brotherhood Hubris Fiscal irresponsibility Democracy Technology The French Revolution was a quest for liberty, and centered on people who wanted their freedom. They wanted to be treated as equal participants in the community,Read MoreThe Battle Of Warfare During The Napoleonic Era1422 Words   |  6 PagesBrittany Adkins Dr. Knox History 1301 1 January 2017 Argumentative Essay Support or disapprove the argument that warfare in the Napoleonic era is fundamentally similar to warfare as it is practice today. Warfare in the Napoleonic era is fundamentally similar to warfare as it is practiced today. The Napoleonic era took place towards the end of the French Revolution between the years 1803-1815. Despite occurring over 200 years ago, the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) that occurredRead MoreThe French Revolution And Napoleonic Years1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution and Napoleonic years are very important to European history because they mark a time of great change and transformation, a time when Europe was in the thrall s of its rise to modernity. Two of the aspects of modernity brought to light during the French Revolution were the increasing importance of the middle class and the idea, though not necessarily the practice, of political liberty. However, some of strides made in France toward modern liberty were almost completely erasedRead MoreThe Battle Of Waterloo By Victor Hugo Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pagesimplications refute this claim. In terms of short-term implications, the Second Treaty of Paris, which marked the end of the Napoleonic era, dictated that the â€Å"frontiers of France [would] be the same as they were in the year 1790.† This meant that after the Allied victory in the battle of Waterloo, the victors established France’s borders as opposed to being vulnerable to Napoleonic France’s will to expand its territory. Therefore, the United Kingdom and the other European nations were once again in controlRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte/ Napoleon I, is considered one of the greatest military leaders in history. He1300 Words   |  6 PagesRevolution Napoleonic Era† Owen Connelly Pg. 203). On June 11-12 Malta was captured and on June 30 the task force reached Alexandria, Egypt. The city was taken, and Napoleons army marched up the west branch of the Nile to Cairo. The first major battle took place during the formation of the Pyramids. With minimal losses the French drove the Mamluks back into the desert i n the Battle of the Pyramids, and all of lower Egypt came under Napoleons control (â€Å"The French Revolution Napoleonic Era† Owen ConnellyRead MoreNapoleon and The French Revolution, Questions and Answers1767 Words   |  7 Pagesrecognized merit. It became the highest decoration in France, and still is very honorable today. It was also a reward that could not be bought, so wealthy noblemen could not just earn it through their wealth. 4. Civil Code- Otherwise known as the Napoleonic Code, this set of laws was created and used by Napoleon in France and any of its succeeded lands or territories. This code forbade privileges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, and specified appointment of government positions based onRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte On The Military Revolution1531 Words   |  7 Pagesallocating all the recourses to make the military revolution and to achieve his dream of unify all Europe under the control of the French . Napoleon and The civilian revolution, maybe the most important of his achievements in this domain was the Napoleonic code. It was the first written constitution in France which contains all the principle of the French revolution in on one volume. Furthermore, napoleon applied it in all the country without discrimination. This step was very important to unify FrenchRead MoreThe Triumph of the Congress of Vienna Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresentative was the French foreign minister Prince Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand, who was sent behalf of the French monarchy (Mikaberidze, 1047). The Congress of Vienna played an important role of creating peace in the European continent after the Napoleonic War, with two significant foreign ministers of two nations, Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria and Prince Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand of France. Most of the decisions in the Congress of Vienna were made by the â€Å"great-powers,† which includedRead MoreHow Was Political Grandeur And Dignity Articulated Through Early 19th Century Architecture?1286 Words   |  6 Pagesof present day Paris. Neoclassical architecture with an emphasis on civil monuments was a method of articulating political grandeur during Napoleon Bonaparte’s rule as emperor of France from 1804 to 1815. Due to the instabilities caused by the Napoleonic Wars a new style of architecture did not develop during Napoleons rule, resulting in the continuation of pre-French Revolution classicism. With the intention of articulating imperialistic grandeur and referencing France as the â€Å"new Roman Empire†

Children Should Be Too Great For Their Parents - 886 Words

†¢ In most cases, the child has to change the geographical settings, schools, friends, teachers and fellow students. †¢ They are unable to deal with the emotional trauma that is brought about by the divorce, and they do not know whom to turn to because of the divorce, which makes them angry, depressed, and at times develop an aggressive nature (Brown, 2010). Research shows that children suffer emotional trauma in the event that there parents’ divorce. According to Steven Earll who is a licensed counselor and therapist, he states that; â€Å"Children (and adult children) have the attitude that their parents should be able to work through and solve any issue. Parents, who have given the children life, are perceived by the children as very competent†¦show more content†¦Journal of Marriage Family, 380-86. Brown, S. (2010). Marriage and Child Well-Being: Research and Policy Perspectives. . Journal of Marriage and Family, 1059-1077. Carrier, H., Utz, R. (2012). Parental Divorce Among Young and Adult Children: A Long-Term Quantitative Analysis of Mental Health and Family Solidarity. Journal of Divorce Remarriage. D’Onofrio BM, T. E. (2007). Children of Twins Study of parental divorce and offspring psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry. Ehrenberg, B. P. (2008). â€Å"The Influence of Parental Separations and Divorce on Father-Child Relationships. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage. Johnson, V. I. (2011). Adult Children of Divorce and Relationship Education:Implications for Counselors and Counselor Educators. Family Journal, 22-29. Kalmijn, M. (2010). Racial differences in the effects of parental divorce and separation on children: Generalizing the evidence to a European case. Social Science Research, 834-856. Klass, J. V., Peros, J. (2014). Custody Criteria: Age-Dependent Priorities. American Journal of Family Law. Moon, M. (2011). The Effects of Divorce on Children: Married and Divorced Parents Perspectives. Journal Of Divorce Remarriage, 344-349. Wijckmans, B. . (2013). Divorce and Adult Children s Perceptions of Family Obligations. Journal Of Comparative Family Studies, 291-310. APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. Does the divorce of

Sociology Infliction or Imposition of a Penalty

Questions: 1. Should serious female offenders be allowed to maintain regular contact with their children, or should separation be considered part of their punishment? 2. Do mothers lose their parenting rights when they have committed a crime? Under what circumstances? Include a discussion according to Macionis and Gerber (2011) the attachment theory of sociologist Travis Hirschi. Do your support the penal system? 3. Co-correctional institutions have been widely proposed as a partial solution to the special problems which women face in the penal system. Do you support such institutions, or should prisoners continue to be generally segregated by gender? 4. In the past, biological and psychological explanations of criminality were more popular than sociological ones. Why do you think this is? Has it changed?5. Please look at the Programs available for Corrections Services Canada through the following link. https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/prgrms-eng.shtml . Specifically looking at Womens Offenders P rograms, what is available for incarcerated mothers to help foster relationships with their children? (Identify at least 3 programs and explained them. Answers: 1. The English dictionary defines punishment as infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offence (Lessing, 2013). Individuals who have committed certain crime are legally in custody as a punishment for their crime or while they are awaiting trial. This act can be called as rehabilitation or the action of reinstating an individual to regular life trough therapy and training after the imprisonment or addiction. However, in Canada the female offenders committing serious crimes are known to be sent to the punishment, but now the country has opted for the later rehabilitation part. Detention of convicts and specifically female offenders without the ability to have access to their loved ones, in this case children, presents two major challenges namely: one, it creates a void or a space that consciously reminds the convicts that they are no longer in their areas of comfort they are used to, hence reinforcing the punishment to a level where the convicts or the offenders makes a decision not to commit crime again (Warner, 2015). If the convicts are provided an environment where they are unable to meet their children, works as a motivation for them to behave in a proper way with the desire to reunite with the children and other family members as soon as possible. This specific scenario enhances the rehabilitation of the convicts immensely. On the flip side, if the children are allowed to interact with the incarcerated mothers, being primary caregivers to them, the mothers may confer their wrong behavior to the children or the children could acquire, inherit and/or enhance any acquired bad behavior from the mothers and/or the prison environment (Fuentes, 2014). However, the innocent children have been entirely deprived of their parental care, if they stay without interacting with their parents for extended period. Psychologists have noticed that these children tend to be traumatized in their later life as not interacting with their parents in the early life can be equal to a punishment for them as well. In addition to being deprived of their motherly love, the children are put into the custody of their relatives as their primary caregiver in place of their parents. Secondly, if children are allowed to interact with their mothers in the prison, it is possible for the mothers to migrate certain wrongly acquired behavior into them in the early age. As stated by the attachment theory of sociologist Travis Hirschi, it is correctly stated that strong social attachments encourage conformity while weak ones leave people freer to engage in deviance (Warner, 2015). Mothers play a very important and vital role in the character development of their children. They feel utterly responsible for the behavioral character of the child and therefore are less likely prone to reoffending if they are well socialized in their setting. Serious female offenders should thus be permitted or allowed to have regular contact with their children in order to enhance bonding among them. 2. When mothers commit a crime, they do not necessarily lose their rights to parent (Carlen, 2013). However, in circumstances where the behaviours of such mothers are bound to have a negative impact on the effective upbringing of their children, then ultimately, such parents lose their rights to parenting (Benning Lahm, 2016). Taking away parental rights from anyone is a serious step and this decision can only be taken by the judge if it is in the best interest of the children. In Canada, there are several grounds of involuntary termination of parental rights, such as, severe neglect or chronic abuse to the child, failure of maintaining contact with children for a long time or failing to support the child. However, a parent can lose his/her parental rights after being convicted of some crime. If the parent has committed a crime with violence against the child or any other family member, the court can opt to terminate his/her parental rights. Also if the parent needs to be imprisoned for a long length of time with will eventually take the child to the foster care for not having any other alternative options, the parent can lose his/her parental rights. In all such cases the interest of child is always put at the first. According to Evans Cubellis (2015), throughout the legal procedures, the legal system se eks to protect the children especially the young children who are unable to evaluate the circumstances therefore the decision is always taken to the best interest of the children. The social theory of Travis Hirschi comments on this situation where it sees the crime as the consequence of social institutions losing its control over the individuals (Pratt et al., 2014). It also states that breakdown of social institution such as weak families enhance the breakdown of trust in the police and government, thus enhance the chances of crime rates. It also states that the potential to the criminal activity rises if the individual attachment to the family is loosened. Thus this theory does not support the loosing of parental control. 3. The world is more inclined towards masculinity or the male gender than feminist or the female gender. This is attributed to the fact that the two genders needs or requirements are quite different from each other. This has an impact or effect on the type of crimes each of the two genders commit. Whereas male offenders are usually motivated with violent crimes that propel them to positions of power such as homicide, women offenders on their side are obsessed with less violent crimes such as assault and even fraud, etc. For this reason, it could be extremely difficult to classify crimes as equal among inmates (Brezina Agnew, 2015). Co-correlation facilities separate women and men inmates. Though some of them allow some significant interaction between the two genders, some have completely secluded incarceration facilities for the different gender. Earlier on in the US, there were coed institutions that were comprised of both inmate genders. These were however later separated in the 19th century. It only emerged several years later to serve as a method or mechanism to cost effectively serve prisoners (O'Brien, 2014). This mode of inmate coexistence is however not taken as an ideal or conducive environment for the inmates. Women are however the lesser number when it comes to the number or population in prison. With the special needs such women require, they have been accorded lesser access to prison resources and facilities as opposed to their male counterparts (Motz, 2016). There is need to identify and/or recognize the special and unique needs of women inmates in these incarcerations or prison facilities such as provision of homely environments for the women inmates to raise their children as practised in Australia or provide lodging facilities as suggested in Canada (Evans Cubellis, 2015). 4. There lacks a detailed research as criminality pertains to the two fields, biology and psychology. Whereas in psychology, criminality encompasses or includes more of the physical features, it is more associated with personality traits and inherited genes in biology (LeBel et al., 2016). There is much that needs to be done to properly link criminality to the three major fields of psychology, biology and sociology. The biological explanation to the criminality entirely focused on the genetic predisposition and the psychological explanation focused on the individual abnormality. These theories aimed to the physical or biological issues of the children, whereas the sociological explanation of deviance indicates that the deviance of the social norms is mostly influenced by the association of people in his or surroundings. The primary reason is that individuals receive a mixed message from different groups and ends up following the favorable one. This sociological explanation provides a clear account to the criminality which is not caused by any biological or psychological issue rather caused by the sociological deviance of the individual (Pratt et al., 2014). This norm has changed the previous explanation of criminality and provided a new theory to the criminality. 5. The Circles of Change Program This program was implemented in 2001-2008 in order to deal with the needs of the Aboriginal female offenders. This program promoted healing with the help of traditional medicine and teaching. It aimed to help the inmates have a clear understanding of the aboriginal history in Canada, social injustice and their impact on their personal lives, and the circumstances in the early life that can lead to criminal behaviour. Creating Choices This is a report published in 1990, which have defined the newly adopted correctional philosophy for the women inmates. This report included several principles on women empowerment, responsible choices and many more. The Parenting Skills Training Program The program has sixteen sessions, each of two hours and aimed mostly at the female inmates who want more effective involvement with their children. The program was designed to deal with several cognitive problems of the offenders and helped them to deal with understanding the job of a parent in the family and the responsibility comes with being a parent and the consequences. Reference List Benning, C. L., Lahm, K. F. (2016). Effects of ParentChild Relationships on Inmate Behavior: A Comparison of Male and Female Inmates.International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology,60(2), 189-207. Carlen, P. (Ed.). (2013).Women and punishment. Willan. Correctional Process. (2017). Csc-scc.gc.ca. Retrieved 11 February 2017, from https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/prgrms-eng.shtml Evans, D. N., Cubellis, M. A. (2015). Coping with stigma: How registered sex offenders manage their public identities. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 40(3), 593-619. Fuentes, C. M. (2014). Nobody's child: the role of trauma and interpersonal violence in women's pathways to incarceration and resultant service needs.Medical anthropology quarterly,28(1), 85-104. Heidemann, G., Cederbaum, J. A., Martinez, S., LeBel, T. P. (2016). Wounded healers: How formerly incarcerated women help themselves by helping others. Punishment Society, 18(1), 3-26. Lessing, F. D. (2013). Mongolian-English Dictionary. Routledge. Motz, A. (2016). The psychology of female violence: Crimes against the body. Routledge. O'Brien, P. (2014). The promise of punishment: Prisons in nineteenth-century France. Princeton University Press. Pratt, T. C., Turanovic, J. J., Fox, K. A., Wright, K. A. (2014). Self?control and victimization: A meta?analysis.Criminology,52(1), 87-116. Warner, J., 2015. Infants in Orange: An International Model-Based Approach to Prison Nurseries. Hastings Women's LJ, 26, p.65.