International Marketing Plan (Essay) - 2200 Words

International Marketing Plan (Essay Sample) Content: International Marketing PlanName:Institution: Tim Tam, a brand of chocolate biscuit, is a food company, known as Arnott, from Australia, and is available in many countries in the world.Product description The biscuit has two layers of chocolate malted on cookies, and they are separated by a light filling of chocolate cream, as well as, being coated in a thin layer of chocolate. The product was first introduced in the international market in 1964, and the name was suggested by Ross Arnott. It came from a horse that won, and the name was decided to be the best for the new line of the biscuits. There are various brands of the product and the most common three flavors include Chewy Caramel, Original and Classic Dark. However, the varieties are dependent on the nature of the region they are being marketed. For instance, the most common products in the US are Choco Cappuccino and Choco Chocolate, which are also marketed for the South East Market. In order to increase sales for the product, Arnott Company has decided to shift its market to Saudi Arabia, which is a potential market for the product. This can be attributed to the features the potential market has in order to attract sales for the company (Doole Lowe, 2008).Company background The Company can trace its inception long back in Australia more than 100 years ago. It is considered as the icon of Australia in the food industry. It has been regarded as not only the parent food company for all other food companies, but also a piece of the history of Australia. Campbell Soup Company is behind the support that has enabled the growth of Arnotts because of its investment in the food company as well as its brands. The company has more than 2500 employees across all territories and states whose main region of employment is the Asia Pacfic. This growth has been enabled by the investment the company has made on the cost of materials. Over the past decade, the company has spent over $3 billion in purchasin g raw materials and getting services from local businesses and farmers. Some of these raw materials include flour and grains from areas such as Riverina, Liverpool Plains and South Australia. This is one reason why the company has experienced success since it does not limit its sources of raw materials. Its involvement with the local farmers and businesses has helped in creating market for the company. It has exported in countries including Canada, USA, Tahiti, United Kingdom, and Indonesia. Currently, the company targets Saudi Arabia as the new market for its sales (Muhlbacher, Dahringer Leihs, 2006).Mission StatementThrough the Arnotts foundation, the company aims at creating a positive environment in order to allow families to form, maintain, as well as enjoy a good quality of their lives. From the statement, the foundation has been inspired to carry out several projects which include the Fairy Sparkle Garden Project, which has built a garden for children and Food bank Australia which will help welfare agencies to provide food to needy people. So far, the company has been able to donate more than 200,000 kilograms since 2008 in Australia.SWOT analysis The company has its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, as well as threats as discussed below.Strengths wide product line The company enjoys a broad product line from different countries and markets. Apart from biscuits, the company also has other products that are a favourite of people who do not eat biscuits. For this reason, the company has maintained a broad market and competition has been low. The company has held strong customer loyalty in most countries where it has established its roots in the country. In addition, whenever there is a low production of one product, another product can be used as a substitute to help the company maintain its sales high until the other product is back to its normal marketing patterns.Strong global presence Arnotts Australia has a strong global presence in the countri es that it has already established its market. In this context, most of the countries which the company has introduced its market are economically stable, and its sales are not disrupted by economic and political issues. Therefore, it is normal that the company extends its markets in the countries and invests more. This creates more markets in these countries and the reputation of the company increases every time. In addition, the company is ready to adapt to the policies of the countries it establishes its markets, and for this reason, it gains more market and respect. Its participation in social responsibilities increases its markets in all areas where it is known for its products. Its investment in new countries has always been welcomed by the countries because of the worldwide presence it has created (Baumann, 2010). Therefore, this counts as a strength since there is ease in its way of operation as a company.WeaknessesHigh costs Because of its diversified marketing and producti on, the company incurs extremely high costs that require intensive sales for it to break even and create profits for the company. For the company to establish markets in other countries, costs of establishments are high such that the company has to increase its marketing in other countries (Stauble, 2000). The legal requirements of a country may be very expensive during the start, and the company may destabilize if it does not have adequate marketing strategies. Production of the company may tend to be expensive for the company is in the food industries. The farmers have to meet their expensive needs for the produce, which are shifted to the company. In addition, the company faces higher costs of storage of the food products before they are manufactured to be the final products. However, despite the high costs, the company has to monitor the products prices, since too high prices will make the customers shift to the competitors.Opportunities 75% of population under 35 years old The target market for most of the products of the company is people under the age of 35 years. In the target market, Saudi Arabia, a three quarter of the total population is people under 35 years old, and hence, this constitutes the market of the company (Bennett Blythe, 2002). In the current situation, the highest population in the market is about people below the age of 35 years, and this helps in making them find the biscuits good for themHigh demand on biscuit There has been a high demand on the biscuit because of the nature of its preparation. The biscuit has two layers of chocolate malted on cookies, and they are separated by a light filling of chocolate cream, as well as, being coated in a thin layer of chocolate. This makes it favorable for the young population to like it because of the ingredients used in making the biscuits.ThreatsToo many competitors The presence of the competitors in the food industry has been a big threat to the company. They have controlled the prices of the food products for the company, and this makes it difficult for the company to control the prices beyond what the competitors define. In addition, the company spends a lot in marketing and product promotion of the products, since it has to beat its competitors. Intensive research has to be done on the market so that the company understands more about the market and gets opportunities for any market gap in the market.Prices Since the competitors control the prices, it has been quite hard for the company to have a say. At times, the costs of production are too high for the company to bear and this may prompt it to increase the costs, though it is not possible or else it loses its market.PESTEL AnalysisPolitical analysisMonarchy. Saudi Arabia is a country that is ruled by a monarchy, which is headed by a king. Therefore, the company must ensure that its business is in line with the policies of a monarchy, and understands all the regulations that regulate a business in a monarchy.B usiness-attractive government laws. Saudi Arabia has been providing a comfortable environment for establishment of businesses in the monarchy. It has been known for thriving of businesses in the past, and hence, having a food company in Saudi Arabia is a better option to make sure that there are sales for the biscuits in the country.The King rules through a Council of Ministers. The King has been given the power to govern the country through a council of ministers. The ministers represent various sectors of the economy and they act as advisors of the king in every matter pertaining the country.Saudi Arabia is divided into thirteen provinces. These provinces are all over the country and have administrators who are answerable to the king.The provincial boards have been given the authorityEconomic AnalysisSince oil was unearthed in 1938, Saudi Arabia has enlarged to be among the wealthiest countries. Therefore, there is ready market for the food products such as biscuits that are not b asic products. Companies that are formed in the country quickly raise and establish their markets easily.The country earns over 5% of the whole production of petrochemicals in the world.Capitalist Economy. Being a capitalist economy, Saudi Arabia encourages investment of individuals and corporates in the country. This means that Arnotts Australia should find it comfortable establishing a company in this country since its economic system is capitalistic. GDP represents $622 Billion and Growth has a percentage of 3.7%. This percentage of growth of the country is reasonable enough in a way that it encourages investment from other companies including foreign ones. Foreign investment is encouraged so that more foreign income is exchanged and growth is experienced in the economy.More than 40% of the entire G...

Napoleonic Era Essay - 1217 Words

Ideas, much like nature, survive the trials of time and overcome the obstacles of challenge to prevail stronger and more resolute; such is the case with warfare as it came about in the Napoleonic era, as it precepts have flourished and pervaded into current doctrine and practice. Warfare in the Napoleonic era is fundamentally similar to warfare as it is conducted at present, as the ideas of a national army, combined arms corps-centered organizational structure, and maneuver warfare prevail in today’s era. The Napoleonic Era saw the rise of the national army, comprised of citizens of France who had personal interest in the welfare of the nation instead of soldiers who were unemotionally attached and lacked loyalty to the cause. Prior†¦show more content†¦The officer corps, once dominated by aristocrats, became more professional as merit replaced status as qualification for promotion. Officer education also became a more established institution, and Prussia even created a war college to train staff officers. Today, the U.S. Army maintains a professional officer corps in which education is paramount to promotion and many resources are allocated to training centers such as the service academies, the War College, and numerous other Department of Defense mandated courses. During the Napoleonic era, the French restructured the Revolutionary Army into the model which is currently used by a multitude of nations and militaries today, including the U.S. Army. After the Revolution, the French pioneered the use of the combat division, which combined infantry, cavalry, and artillery assets along with a few additional support units. Napoleon himself noted that â€Å"infantry, cavalry and artillery cannot do without one another.† Evidence of the combined arms concept is seen in U.S. Army doctrine and organization today and has been used in numerous conflicts and wars as recent as Vietnam, the Gulf War, and the Global War on Terrorism. Napoleon also organized the various divisions, brigades, and battalions into corps which could operate independently and sustain engagements for short periods. Such corps were theShow MoreRelatedThe Napoleonic Era Has Remain Fundamentally Relevant Today987 Words   |  4 PagesNapoleonic era provided operational pract ices that remain fundamentally relevant today. â€Æ' The Napoleonic Era is an example of Revolution of Military Affairs (RMA) and is fundamentally relevant today. During the Napoleonic Era many scholars studied the techniques used during his nearly twenty years of military success two of the more famous scholars is Clausewitz and Jomini. Both scholars were on Napoleons staff and learned a lot from failure as well as success. During my paper I will discussRead MoreFrench Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet1775 Words   |  8 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet 1. Essay Explain, in 1,050 to 1,400 words, how the following ideas and ideals influenced the events and motivated the participants in the French Revolution: Liberty Equality Brotherhood Hubris Fiscal irresponsibility Democracy Technology The French Revolution was a quest for liberty, and centered on people who wanted their freedom. They wanted to be treated as equal participants in the community,Read MoreThe Battle Of Warfare During The Napoleonic Era1422 Words   |  6 PagesBrittany Adkins Dr. Knox History 1301 1 January 2017 Argumentative Essay Support or disapprove the argument that warfare in the Napoleonic era is fundamentally similar to warfare as it is practice today. 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The Congress of Vienna played an important role of creating peace in the European continent after the Napoleonic War, with two significant foreign ministers of two nations, Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria and Prince Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand of France. Most of the decisions in the Congress of Vienna were made by the â€Å"great-powers,† which includedRead MoreHow Was Political Grandeur And Dignity Articulated Through Early 19th Century Architecture?1286 Words   |  6 Pagesof present day Paris. Neoclassical architecture with an emphasis on civil monuments was a method of articulating political grandeur during Napoleon Bonaparte’s rule as emperor of France from 1804 to 1815. Due to the instabilities caused by the Napoleonic Wars a new style of architecture did not develop during Napoleons rule, resulting in the continuation of pre-French Revolution classicism. With the intention of articulating imperialistic grandeur and referencing France as the â€Å"new Roman Empire†

Children Should Be Too Great For Their Parents - 886 Words

†¢ In most cases, the child has to change the geographical settings, schools, friends, teachers and fellow students. †¢ They are unable to deal with the emotional trauma that is brought about by the divorce, and they do not know whom to turn to because of the divorce, which makes them angry, depressed, and at times develop an aggressive nature (Brown, 2010). Research shows that children suffer emotional trauma in the event that there parents’ divorce. According to Steven Earll who is a licensed counselor and therapist, he states that; â€Å"Children (and adult children) have the attitude that their parents should be able to work through and solve any issue. Parents, who have given the children life, are perceived by the children as very competent†¦show more content†¦Journal of Marriage Family, 380-86. Brown, S. (2010). Marriage and Child Well-Being: Research and Policy Perspectives. . Journal of Marriage and Family, 1059-1077. Carrier, H., Utz, R. (2012). Parental Divorce Among Young and Adult Children: A Long-Term Quantitative Analysis of Mental Health and Family Solidarity. Journal of Divorce Remarriage. D’Onofrio BM, T. E. (2007). Children of Twins Study of parental divorce and offspring psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry. Ehrenberg, B. P. (2008). â€Å"The Influence of Parental Separations and Divorce on Father-Child Relationships. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage. Johnson, V. I. (2011). Adult Children of Divorce and Relationship Education:Implications for Counselors and Counselor Educators. Family Journal, 22-29. Kalmijn, M. (2010). Racial differences in the effects of parental divorce and separation on children: Generalizing the evidence to a European case. Social Science Research, 834-856. Klass, J. V., Peros, J. (2014). Custody Criteria: Age-Dependent Priorities. American Journal of Family Law. Moon, M. (2011). The Effects of Divorce on Children: Married and Divorced Parents Perspectives. Journal Of Divorce Remarriage, 344-349. Wijckmans, B. . (2013). Divorce and Adult Children s Perceptions of Family Obligations. Journal Of Comparative Family Studies, 291-310. APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. Does the divorce of

Sociology Infliction or Imposition of a Penalty

Questions: 1. Should serious female offenders be allowed to maintain regular contact with their children, or should separation be considered part of their punishment? 2. Do mothers lose their parenting rights when they have committed a crime? Under what circumstances? Include a discussion according to Macionis and Gerber (2011) the attachment theory of sociologist Travis Hirschi. Do your support the penal system? 3. Co-correctional institutions have been widely proposed as a partial solution to the special problems which women face in the penal system. Do you support such institutions, or should prisoners continue to be generally segregated by gender? 4. In the past, biological and psychological explanations of criminality were more popular than sociological ones. Why do you think this is? Has it changed?5. Please look at the Programs available for Corrections Services Canada through the following link. https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/prgrms-eng.shtml . Specifically looking at Womens Offenders P rograms, what is available for incarcerated mothers to help foster relationships with their children? (Identify at least 3 programs and explained them. Answers: 1. The English dictionary defines punishment as infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offence (Lessing, 2013). Individuals who have committed certain crime are legally in custody as a punishment for their crime or while they are awaiting trial. This act can be called as rehabilitation or the action of reinstating an individual to regular life trough therapy and training after the imprisonment or addiction. However, in Canada the female offenders committing serious crimes are known to be sent to the punishment, but now the country has opted for the later rehabilitation part. Detention of convicts and specifically female offenders without the ability to have access to their loved ones, in this case children, presents two major challenges namely: one, it creates a void or a space that consciously reminds the convicts that they are no longer in their areas of comfort they are used to, hence reinforcing the punishment to a level where the convicts or the offenders makes a decision not to commit crime again (Warner, 2015). If the convicts are provided an environment where they are unable to meet their children, works as a motivation for them to behave in a proper way with the desire to reunite with the children and other family members as soon as possible. This specific scenario enhances the rehabilitation of the convicts immensely. On the flip side, if the children are allowed to interact with the incarcerated mothers, being primary caregivers to them, the mothers may confer their wrong behavior to the children or the children could acquire, inherit and/or enhance any acquired bad behavior from the mothers and/or the prison environment (Fuentes, 2014). However, the innocent children have been entirely deprived of their parental care, if they stay without interacting with their parents for extended period. Psychologists have noticed that these children tend to be traumatized in their later life as not interacting with their parents in the early life can be equal to a punishment for them as well. In addition to being deprived of their motherly love, the children are put into the custody of their relatives as their primary caregiver in place of their parents. Secondly, if children are allowed to interact with their mothers in the prison, it is possible for the mothers to migrate certain wrongly acquired behavior into them in the early age. As stated by the attachment theory of sociologist Travis Hirschi, it is correctly stated that strong social attachments encourage conformity while weak ones leave people freer to engage in deviance (Warner, 2015). Mothers play a very important and vital role in the character development of their children. They feel utterly responsible for the behavioral character of the child and therefore are less likely prone to reoffending if they are well socialized in their setting. Serious female offenders should thus be permitted or allowed to have regular contact with their children in order to enhance bonding among them. 2. When mothers commit a crime, they do not necessarily lose their rights to parent (Carlen, 2013). However, in circumstances where the behaviours of such mothers are bound to have a negative impact on the effective upbringing of their children, then ultimately, such parents lose their rights to parenting (Benning Lahm, 2016). Taking away parental rights from anyone is a serious step and this decision can only be taken by the judge if it is in the best interest of the children. In Canada, there are several grounds of involuntary termination of parental rights, such as, severe neglect or chronic abuse to the child, failure of maintaining contact with children for a long time or failing to support the child. However, a parent can lose his/her parental rights after being convicted of some crime. If the parent has committed a crime with violence against the child or any other family member, the court can opt to terminate his/her parental rights. Also if the parent needs to be imprisoned for a long length of time with will eventually take the child to the foster care for not having any other alternative options, the parent can lose his/her parental rights. In all such cases the interest of child is always put at the first. According to Evans Cubellis (2015), throughout the legal procedures, the legal system se eks to protect the children especially the young children who are unable to evaluate the circumstances therefore the decision is always taken to the best interest of the children. The social theory of Travis Hirschi comments on this situation where it sees the crime as the consequence of social institutions losing its control over the individuals (Pratt et al., 2014). It also states that breakdown of social institution such as weak families enhance the breakdown of trust in the police and government, thus enhance the chances of crime rates. It also states that the potential to the criminal activity rises if the individual attachment to the family is loosened. Thus this theory does not support the loosing of parental control. 3. The world is more inclined towards masculinity or the male gender than feminist or the female gender. This is attributed to the fact that the two genders needs or requirements are quite different from each other. This has an impact or effect on the type of crimes each of the two genders commit. Whereas male offenders are usually motivated with violent crimes that propel them to positions of power such as homicide, women offenders on their side are obsessed with less violent crimes such as assault and even fraud, etc. For this reason, it could be extremely difficult to classify crimes as equal among inmates (Brezina Agnew, 2015). Co-correlation facilities separate women and men inmates. Though some of them allow some significant interaction between the two genders, some have completely secluded incarceration facilities for the different gender. Earlier on in the US, there were coed institutions that were comprised of both inmate genders. These were however later separated in the 19th century. It only emerged several years later to serve as a method or mechanism to cost effectively serve prisoners (O'Brien, 2014). This mode of inmate coexistence is however not taken as an ideal or conducive environment for the inmates. Women are however the lesser number when it comes to the number or population in prison. With the special needs such women require, they have been accorded lesser access to prison resources and facilities as opposed to their male counterparts (Motz, 2016). There is need to identify and/or recognize the special and unique needs of women inmates in these incarcerations or prison facilities such as provision of homely environments for the women inmates to raise their children as practised in Australia or provide lodging facilities as suggested in Canada (Evans Cubellis, 2015). 4. There lacks a detailed research as criminality pertains to the two fields, biology and psychology. Whereas in psychology, criminality encompasses or includes more of the physical features, it is more associated with personality traits and inherited genes in biology (LeBel et al., 2016). There is much that needs to be done to properly link criminality to the three major fields of psychology, biology and sociology. The biological explanation to the criminality entirely focused on the genetic predisposition and the psychological explanation focused on the individual abnormality. These theories aimed to the physical or biological issues of the children, whereas the sociological explanation of deviance indicates that the deviance of the social norms is mostly influenced by the association of people in his or surroundings. The primary reason is that individuals receive a mixed message from different groups and ends up following the favorable one. This sociological explanation provides a clear account to the criminality which is not caused by any biological or psychological issue rather caused by the sociological deviance of the individual (Pratt et al., 2014). This norm has changed the previous explanation of criminality and provided a new theory to the criminality. 5. The Circles of Change Program This program was implemented in 2001-2008 in order to deal with the needs of the Aboriginal female offenders. This program promoted healing with the help of traditional medicine and teaching. It aimed to help the inmates have a clear understanding of the aboriginal history in Canada, social injustice and their impact on their personal lives, and the circumstances in the early life that can lead to criminal behaviour. Creating Choices This is a report published in 1990, which have defined the newly adopted correctional philosophy for the women inmates. This report included several principles on women empowerment, responsible choices and many more. The Parenting Skills Training Program The program has sixteen sessions, each of two hours and aimed mostly at the female inmates who want more effective involvement with their children. The program was designed to deal with several cognitive problems of the offenders and helped them to deal with understanding the job of a parent in the family and the responsibility comes with being a parent and the consequences. Reference List Benning, C. L., Lahm, K. F. (2016). Effects of ParentChild Relationships on Inmate Behavior: A Comparison of Male and Female Inmates.International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology,60(2), 189-207. Carlen, P. (Ed.). (2013).Women and punishment. Willan. Correctional Process. (2017). Csc-scc.gc.ca. Retrieved 11 February 2017, from https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/prgrms-eng.shtml Evans, D. N., Cubellis, M. A. (2015). Coping with stigma: How registered sex offenders manage their public identities. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 40(3), 593-619. Fuentes, C. M. (2014). Nobody's child: the role of trauma and interpersonal violence in women's pathways to incarceration and resultant service needs.Medical anthropology quarterly,28(1), 85-104. Heidemann, G., Cederbaum, J. A., Martinez, S., LeBel, T. P. (2016). Wounded healers: How formerly incarcerated women help themselves by helping others. Punishment Society, 18(1), 3-26. Lessing, F. D. (2013). Mongolian-English Dictionary. Routledge. Motz, A. (2016). The psychology of female violence: Crimes against the body. Routledge. O'Brien, P. (2014). The promise of punishment: Prisons in nineteenth-century France. Princeton University Press. Pratt, T. C., Turanovic, J. J., Fox, K. A., Wright, K. A. (2014). Self?control and victimization: A meta?analysis.Criminology,52(1), 87-116. Warner, J., 2015. Infants in Orange: An International Model-Based Approach to Prison Nurseries. Hastings Women's LJ, 26, p.65.

The Mayans Essays (603 words) - Maya Classic Period,

The Mayans The Ancient Mayan Civilization The ancient Maya were a group of American Indian peoples who lived in southern Mexico, particularly the present-day states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatan, and Quintana Roo, and in Belize, Guatemala, and adjacent Honduras. Their descendants, the modern Maya, live in the same regions today, in both highlands and lowlands, from cool highland plains ringed by volcanos to deep tropical rain forests. Through the region runs a single major river system, the Apasion-Usumacinta and its many tributaries, and only a handful of lesser rivers, the Motagua, Hondo, and Belize among them. The ancestors of the Maya, like those of other New World peoples, crossed the Bering Land Bridge from Asia more than 20,000 years ago, during the last ice age. The Maya were the first people of the New World to keep historical records: their written history begins in 50 BC, when they began to inscribe texts on pots, jades, bones, stone monuments, and palace walls. Maya records trace the history of the great kings and queens who ruled from 50 BC until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. All Maya long count calendar inscriptions fall between AD 292 and AD 909, roughly defining the period called Classic. Ea rlier Maya culture is called Formative or Preclassic (2000 BC-AD 300), and subsequent civilization is known as Postclassic (AD 900-conquest). Protected by difficult terrain and heavy vegetation, the ruins of few ancient Maya cities were known before the 19th century, when explorers and archaeologists began to rediscover them. The age and proliferation of Maya writings have been recognized since about 1900, when the calendrical content of Maya hieroglyphic inscriptions were deciphered and the dates correlated with the Christian calendar. For most of the 20th century, only the extensive calendrical data of Maya inscriptions could be read, and as a result, Maya scholars hypothesized that the inscriptions were pure calendrical records. Because little evidence of warfare had been recognized archaeologically, the Classic Maya were thought of as peaceful timekeepers and skywatchers. Their cities, it was thought, were ceremonial centers for ascetic priests, and their artwork anonymous, without concern for specific individuals. More recent scholarship changes the picture dramatically. In 1958 Heinrich Berlin demonstrated that certain Maya hieroglyphs, which he called emblem glyphs, contained main signs that varied according to location, indicating dynastic lines or place names. In 1960, Tatiana Proskouriakoff showed that the patterns of dates were markers of the important events in rulers' lives. The chronological record turn ed out to serve history and the perpetuation of the memory of great nobles. Subsequently, major archaeological discoveries, particularly at Palenque and Tikal, confirmed much of what the writings said, and examination of Maya art has revealed not only historical portraiture but also a pantheon of gods, goddesses, and heroes--in other words, Maya religion and mythic history. By 5000 BC, the Maya had settled along Caribbean and Pacific coasts, forming egalitarian fishing communities. Certainly by 2000 BC the Maya had also moved inland and adopted agriculture for their subsistence. Maize and beans formed the Maya diet then as today, although many other foodstuffs--squash, tomatoes, peppers, fruits, and game--were supplements. The word for maize?wa?is synonymous with food itself, and the maize god was honored from early times. Sometime around the end of the Classic Period, the Maya were split up into independent city-states. The nobles of these city-states intermarried and waged war on each other. This civil war, along with the recent change in their system of government, led to the decline of the great Mayan Empire and ultimately, its demise. History Reports

Richard Iii Summary Essays

Richard Iii Summary Essays Richard Iii Summary Essay Richard Iii Summary Essay Essay Topic: Hard Times shakespeare: Richard III Shakespeare successfully portrays (his purpose in relation to the values and expectations of the Elizabethan context) through stage play techniques such as, use of soliloquy, dramatic irony, and humour. He also uses language techniques such as visual imagery and sound imagery throughout his play to explore the villainous role and character of Richard which leads to the development of the key themes in his play, Richard III. The first soliloquy informs the audience of Richard’s inner thoughts while also establishing his character, dark motives, and his intention in the play. The opening statement, â€Å"Now is the winter of our discontent†, refers to Richard’s unhappiness as a result of the war ending and the peace that replaces the feeling of villainy. This immediately informs the audience of Richard’s dark personality and the villainy within him. His villainy and evilness is reinforced in â€Å"Our stern alarums changed to merry meetings, Our dreadful marches to delightful measures†, emphasizing that he does not want peace or to share happy times, but instead thrives on chaos and violence. We also learn of Richard’s feelings towards his appearance in his first soliloquy, the adjectives used by Shakespeare describe Richard’s physical defects, â€Å"Deformed, unfinished, sent before my time†. This statement reveals his sense of self unattractiveness which is reinforced in â€Å"That dogs bark at me as I halt by them, showing that his appearance has the ability to even scare animals. His evil and manipulative behaviour is shown again when he plans to set his brothers Clarence and King Edward against each other. This informs the audience of his high level of self importance and that he will always put himself ahead of his family to receive the crown, this is also proven as he is planning to take the lives of Edwards heirs in sacrifice for the crown to himself.

Tramadol Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tramadol - Research Paper Example Similarly, Tramadol is taken to ease some serious agony. Patients who are likely to require medication to ease the pain for several hours over a longer period mainly take its extended-release pills. Prescription The drug can be prescribed for different uses; for example, as depressant or analgesic. Tramadol falls into opiate agonist or analgesic category, and it works by altering how the body experiences pain. This implies that the drug functions in the central nervous parts and serves as morphine in the organs and releases pain, (Gulshan 45). As morphine, it joins some opioid body receptors. In addition, the drug functions as antidepressants in that it inhibits certain brain chemicals reuptake; for instance, serotonin. Various chemicals are crucial to transfer information into the nerves. As the information travels through the nerves, it causes the cell end to secrete serotonin, which consequently enters the gap from one nerve cell to the next. When serotonin reaches the adjacent ce ll of the nerve, the chemical triggers the receptors; thus, the message is transferred to the adjoining nerve cell. Use of Tramadol The drug is taken through the mouth or orally as extended release pill, and regular pill in a span of four to seven hours as prescribed – before or after food. ... Inform the physician of medication prescriptions and other nutritional or food complement one is using. Additionally, inform the doctor about other antifungal medications like monoamine or ketanonazole, anxiety mediations, seizures medications and mental illness medications, you are using. This is because such medications may interact with Ultram and cause adverse effects. The patient has to inform the doctor of other herbal remedies she is using. Moreover, the patient should tell the doctor all the medical conditions or disorders he has ever suffered such as seizures, head injuries, tumor of the brain, heart attack and other high blood pressure conditions and diabetes. This information helps the doctor to prepare individual precaution data of the drug to safeguard the patient against possible severe and fatal effects of the drug. The patient should inform the doctor about her status such as pregnancy, breastfeeding and planning to conceive, and if one becomes pregnant while, under T ramadol medication, she should inform the doctor to help protect the health of the patient. The patient should be aware that the drug might cause drowsiness, fainting and vertigo, therefore; the patient should get out of the lying position slowly to avoid collapsing and falling, (Gulshan 49). People must avoid consumption of alcohol and other illicit drugs because it may lead to adverse reduction in breathing and liver disorders, when consumed during Tramadol administration. Besides, the drug must be taken with caution in people at respiratory depression risk. Dosage People should take Tramadol as prescribed by the nurse or doctor. Additionally, administer the skipped dosage of regular Tramadol tablet immediately once you learn about